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What is myeloma and how is it treated?
Myeloma is a malignant blood disease that occurs due to abnormalities in the plasma cells in the bone marrow.
Plasma is present not only in the blood, but also in the bone marrow. In this case, the tumour does not form in one place: malignant cells spread, forming round-shaped foci of different sizes in the bones. These lesions gradually replace normal tissue, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. In some cases can form tumours in soft tissue.
How the disease progresses
Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell produced by the bone marrow to protect the body. They produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) that help fight infections. If damage occurs in the plasma cell DNA, uncontrolled multiplication of atypical cells begins, which produce a useless protein called paraprotein.
Myeloma is called multiple, as it affects several parts of the body at once – the spine, skull bones, pelvic bones and limbs. Over time, the kidneys and other organs are also affected. Some of the first symptoms are bone destruction and frequent fractures.
The causes of occurrence are not fully understood.
Symptoms of the disease
The symptomatology of the disease can be very diverse, which affects the tactics of treatment of myeloma.
The main signs are:
- increased fatigue;
- inflammatory processes with complications;
- kidney dysfunction;
- bone pain (especially in the spine).
Multiple myeloma varies in severity – distinguish the first, second and most aggressive third stage. The disease can affect the blood, bones, skin, spine, kidneys. Therefore, diagnosis and therapy should be carried out under the supervision of experienced specialists.
Treatment of myeloma in Israel
In the early stages, in the absence of symptoms, treatment can be delayed, but regular medical monitoring is required. When clear signs of the disease appear, doctors prescribe:
- chemotherapy;
- corticosteroid treatment;
- immunotherapy;
- maintenance therapy;
- radiation therapy, if necessary.
Although the disease is considered incurable, modern methods make it possible to achieve persistent remission and elimination of symptoms. The disease can be converted into a chronic form, significantly improving the quality of life of patients.
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